Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery
Today, some cases that cannot be resolved by minimally invasive or endourological techniques require lithiasis removal through surgical techniques. Laparoscopic/robotic surgery allows these surgeries to be carried out in a less invasive way than conventional open surgeries.
The most commonly used techniques are laparoscopic/robotic pyelolithotomy and laparoscopic/robotic ureterolithotomy.
